土工布在软土施工中的方案选择
同一种土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)，由于采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)同的铺设(she)方(fang)(fang)法，其产生的效果可能会相差很大。也就(jiu)是说施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案和工(gong)(gong)艺(yi)同样(yang)是关系到工(gong)(gong)程质量和经济效益的问题。土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)加(jia)筋(jin)路堤有以下几种施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案可供(gong)选择：
1.两层土工布分别铺(pu)设
第一(yi)层(ceng)(ceng)铺在(zai)(zai)(zai)地表，第二(er)层(ceng)(ceng)铺在(zai)(zai)(zai)砂垫层(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)上(shang)，两(liang)层(ceng)(ceng)的(de)两(liang)端分别包2m。填(tian)(tian)土(tu)时注意应先在(zai)(zai)(zai)两(liang)端填(tian)(tian)土(tu)、压实，然(ran)后(hou)卷起土(tu)工布幅端，继续填(tian)(tian)土(tu)压实之(zhi)后(hou)再在(zai)(zai)(zai)中间(jian)填(tian)(tian)土(tu)，这是一(yi)种(zhong)常规(gui)的(de)施工方法(fa)。该(gai)(gai)法(fa)施工工艺简单(dan)，土(tu)工布与土(tu)接触面大，摩擦力大。当设计(ji)的(de)土(tu)工布层(ceng)(ceng)数为一(yi)层(ceng)(ceng)时，可用该(gai)(gai)法(fa)施工。
2.两层土工布并为一(yi)层
将两(liang)(liang)层土工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)并为(wei)一层，在地表面铺设，两(liang)(liang)端(duan)各回卷2m。该方(fang)法(fa)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺简单，两(liang)(liang)层的强度(du)合二为(wei)一，土工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)受力更均(jun)匀，使土工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)更不(bu)均(jun)匀，从而使土工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)更不(bu)易(yi)被拉断。但(dan)是(shi)，这种方(fang)法(fa)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)的摩擦力和锚固力比分别铺设是(shi)有所(suo)减弱。
3.回卷铺(pu)设(she)
将(jiang)(jiang)第一层(ceng)土(tu)工布扑在地面(mian)之(zhi)后(hou)，并不剪断，即铺设砂(sha)垫(dian)层(ceng)。砂(sha)垫(dian)层(ceng)碾压之(zhi)后(hou)，将(jiang)(jiang)土(tu)工布卷(juan)至起(qi)点，两个端点搭接(jie)2m，并用针线缝合结(jie)实(shi)，使土(tu)工布形成一个筒(tong)状，中间包(bao)裹砂(sha)垫(dian)层(ceng)。
4.回(hui)卷(juan)搭接铺设
将(jiang)第一层土(tu)工(gong)布(bu)(bu)铺在(zai)地面之后(hou)(hou)，并(bing)不剪断，即在(zai)两(liang)端各压2m宽的砂(sha)(sha)垫层。碾压之后(hou)(hou)将(jiang)土(tu)工(gong)布(bu)(bu)回卷至起点，两(liang)个端点搭(da)接2m，并(bing)用线缝(feng)合结(jie)实(shi)之后(hou)(hou)，填中(zhong)间(jian)部(bu)分的砂(sha)(sha)垫层并(bing)碾压。该方案(an)(an)与(yu)前述方案(an)(an)相似，具有(you)前者的全(quan)部(bu)优点。同(tong)时，由于(yu)该方案(an)(an)部(bu)分为双层合一，使(shi)土(tu)工(gong)布(bu)(bu)中(zhong)央(yang)部(bu)分受力均(jun)匀，也就(jiu)增加了抗拉(la)效果，但该法施工(gong)工(gong)艺较为复杂。
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