土工膜防渗不是万能的，堆石坝的应用受限！

堆(dui)石坝充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)当(dang)地(di)(di)材(cai)料(liao)，可适应(ying)(ying)(ying)不同的地(di)(di)质条件，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)简便、抗震性能(neng)优越，在水(shui)力(li)水(shui)电工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)较(jiao)为广(guang)泛。堆(dui)石坝中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜作(zuo)为防渗(shen)(shen)(shen)主体的面(mian)膜防渗(shen)(shen)(shen)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)，具有(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)简便、经(jing)济效益好(hao)、适应(ying)(ying)(ying)变形(xing)能(neng)力(li)强等优点。国(guo)内利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜作(zuo)为堆(dui)石坝防渗(shen)(shen)(shen)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)的应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)较(jiao)早，但发展却(que)极为缓慢(man)，而且大(da)部(bu)分应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)均是集(ji)中在低坝，对于高(gao)堆(dui)石坝（坝高(gao)＞７0ｍ）的应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)还比较(jiao)鲜见，主要(yao)是因为土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜对垫(dian)层材(cai)料(liao)的要(yao)求(qiu)较(jiao)高(gao)，而且在高(gao)水(shui)头作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下，土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的变形(xing)较(jiao)大(da)，难以(yi)发挥(hui)其防渗(shen)(shen)(shen)性能(neng)，故而限制了(le)面(mian)膜防渗(shen)(shen)(shen)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)在堆(dui)石坝中的应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

响(xiang)水河(he)(he)水库位于绿汁江支流(liu)响(xiang)水河(he)(he)上(shang)，水库坝(ba)(ba)(ba)址以上(shang)控制径流(liu)面积(ji)99.2ｋｍ2，多(duo)年平均径流(liu)量为28４5万ｍ３，总库容889.0万ｍ３。响(xiang)水河(he)(he)水库坝(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)为Ｃ20堆石(shi)(shi)混凝土重力坝(ba)(ba)(ba)，最大坝(ba)(ba)(ba)高81.0ｍ，坝(ba)(ba)(ba)轴线长206.0ｍ，坝(ba)(ba)(ba)顶(ding)高程1668.00ｍ，计(ji)划采用碎石(shi)(shi)垫(dian)层＋土工膜的防(fang)渗型(xing)式。