合适的防渗结构层是平原水库建设成败的关键

在水(shui)(shui)(shui)资源日益紧张的今(jin)天，兴建(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)库具有十分重要的现实(shi)意义，因为水(shui)(shui)(shui)库除(chu)了具有防洪的功(gong)能以外(wai)，还具有灌溉、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)(deng)作用。 随着工农业生(sheng)产(chan)发展的需要，我(wo)国(guo)陆续建(jian)成了上(shang)千座平原(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)库，如夹(jia)山(shan)子水(shui)(shui)(shui)库、金殿水(shui)(shui)(shui)库、新(xin)城水(shui)(shui)(shui)库、大(da)屯(tun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)库、胜(sheng)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)库等(deng)(deng)。 由于(yu)平原(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)库大(da)多建(jian)于(yu)软土地基之(zhi)上(shang)，地层渗透性通常较(jiao)

大(da)(da)，筑坝土(tu)料抗渗性(xing)能也较差，因此(ci)库区(qu)渗漏是平原水库建设的(de)重点问题，尤其(qi)是当场地存在透(tou)水性(xing)大(da)(da)的(de)地层时(shi)，设计合适的(de)防渗结构(gou)层是平原水库建设成败的(de)关键。

土工膜是(shi)一种(zhong)透水性相(xiang)对较(jiao)低的土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)成材(cai)料(liao)，由于其具有良好(hao)的隔水性和耐老化能(neng)力(li)，且施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)简(jian)便，因(yin)此(ci)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜被认为(wei)是(shi)一种(zhong)比(bi)较(jiao)理(li)想的防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)材(cai)料(liao)。 自从土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)技(ji)术应用到(dao)解决库(ku)区渗(shen)(shen)漏问题(ti)以来，人们(men)对水库(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)设(she)(she)计(ji)技(ji)术的要求也(ye)越来越高。 土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)技(ji)术目前(qian)已经被成功运用许多水库(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)，它具有效果好(hao)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)简(jian)易、速度(du)快、费用低等特点，且可使(shi)原来在(zai)投资或技(ji)术方面存在(zai)重大困难的病(bing)库(ku)、漏库(ku)复活，极(ji)大地造福了当地人民群众。 实践表明，采(cai)用土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)技(ji)术虽然可以解决水库(ku)渗(shen)(shen)漏的问题(ti)，但是(shi)也(ye)需建(jian)(jian)立在(zai)合(he)(he)理(li)的设(she)(she)计(ji)方案(an)和合(he)(he)格的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的基础上。 目前(qian)该技(ji)术较(jiao)常(chang)见(jian)的问题(ti)包(bao)括：因(yin)排气设(she)(she)施(shi)设(she)(she)置(zhi)不合(he)(he)理(li)引(yin)起(qi)的气胀现象、因(yin)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜铺设(she)(she)不合(he)(he)理(li)引(yin)起(qi)的土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜浮托现象等。 因(yin)此(ci)，设(she)(she)计(ji)方案(an)是(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)理(li)、建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)否(fou)合(he)(he)格都关系到(dao)库(ku)区土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的防(fang)渗(shen)(shen)效果。