土工布的原料加工方式和加工工艺

土工(gong)布原料种类(lei)繁多(duo)，加工(gong)方法多(duo)种多(duo)样，产品种类(lei)繁多(duo)。下面从原料、加工(gong)工(gong)艺(yi)进行分类(lei)：

（1）从原(yuan)材料分类来(lai)看(kan)：可分为天然(ran)纤维(wei)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布、合成纤维(wei)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布和高性能(neng)纤维(wei)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布。天然(ran)纤维(wei)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布包括(kuo)棉花、大麻、椰子壳纤维(wei)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布等。这种土(tu)工(gong)(gong)布具(ju)有成本低、实用性强、生(sheng)物降解、环保、促进植被(bei)生(sheng)长等优点。但(dan)耐久(jiu)性差(cha)，易降解，一般用于土(tu)壤(rang)表面防腐等短期岩土(tu)工(gong)(gong)程，生(sheng)产方式主(zhu)要是针织和编织；

（2）从加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)艺分类来看：主(zhu)要(yao)分为(wei)编(bian)(bian)织(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)、非编(bian)(bian)织(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)和复合土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)布(bu)，其中编(bian)(bian)织(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)是通(tong)过(guo)编(bian)(bian)织(zhi)(zhi)、针(zhen)织(zhi)(zhi)或编(bian)(bian)织(zhi)(zhi)获得的(de)产(chan)品。机织(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)由经(jing)纬交(jiao)织(zhi)(zhi)而成，多为(wei)平纹织(zhi)(zhi)物，具有较高的(de)强(qiang)度和抗(kang)拉强(qiang)度。针(zhen)织(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)布(bu)以强(qiang)度高、延展性小、抗(kang)蠕变性好为(wei)主(zhu)，但比(bi)较少见。

非织造型(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)可分(fen)(fen)为纺(fang)粘(zhan)法(fa)和网状土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)，短纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)可分(fen)(fen)为网状土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)；根据不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)加固(gu)(gu)(gu)方法(fa)，可分(fen)(fen)为针刺(ci)固(gu)(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)、化学(xue)粘(zhan)结(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)固(gu)(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)和热熔粘(zhan)结(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)固(gu)(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)。针刺(ci)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)还(hai)包(bao)括纺(fang)粘(zhan)长丝针刺(ci)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)和短纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)针刺(ci)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)。纺(fang)粘(zhan)长丝针刺(ci)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺短，产量高，产品性能优(you)于同(tong)规格下的(de)(de)短纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)针刺(ci)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)。

复合土工(gong)布具有多(duo)种(zhong)使用(yong)功(gong)能，具有广(guang)阔(kuo)的(de)开(kai)发和应用(yong)前景。它是(shi)指由两种(zhong)或(huo)两种(zhong)以(yi)上不同功(gong)能、不同类型的(de)土工(gong)布、非(fei)织造材(cai)料或(huo)其他(ta)材(cai)料通过某(mou)些特殊方(fang)式(shi)复合而成。目(mu)前已有多(duo)层土工(gong)布复合材(cai)料和以(yi)土工(gong)布为(wei)基材(cai)的(de)多(duo)层复合土工(gong)布。

复合(he)(he)土(tu)工布充(chong)分发(fa)挥单层(ceng)材料和(he)多(duo)种材料的综合(he)(he)性能，实现互补优(you)势，大大提高性能和(he)功能；此外(wai)，由一(yi)种或多(duo)种岩(yan)土(tu)材料制成的复合(he)(he)产(chan)品，其中至少有(you)一(yi)种是土(tu)工布，可以与(yu)土(tu)工膜、土(tu)工格栅(zha)等一(yi)起(qi)复合(he)(he)。