土工膜施工前应做好哪些准备工作？施工工序安排有哪些规定？

土(tu)工(gong)膜(mo)施工(gong)前(qian)应(ying)(ying)做好以下准备(bei)工(gong)作:平(ping)整(zheng)场地，清除鱼道(dao)内(nei)各种锥形、尖锐杂物(wu)；备(bei)料(liao)时应(ying)(ying)先将(jiang)窄幅缝(feng)接，并裁剪成(cheng)要求(qiu)尺(chi)寸(cun)；作业(ye)范围(wei)周边应(ying)(ying)做好安全防(fang)护(hu)围(wei)挡；连接、检测(ce)、修(xiu)补人员均(jun)应(ying)(ying)经过(guo)专项培训并考核合格(ge)。

土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)宜在(zai)５~３５℃，风力(li)＜５级(ji)，并(bing)在(zai)无(wu)雨(yu)、无(wu)雪、无(wu)沙尘天气下进(jin)行(xing)(xing)。若遇(yu)到特(te)殊环(huan)境(jing)需要施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，应(ying)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前进(jin)行(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺试(shi)验(yan)，并(bing)采取有效的防护措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序安(an)排应(ying)符合(he)以下规定:土工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)在(zai)基础(chu)验(yan)收(shou)合(he)格后进(jin)行(xing)(xing)。各道施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序应(ying)严格检查验(yan)收(shou)，前道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序未(wei)验(yan)收(shou)合(he)格，不得进(jin)行(xing)(xing)下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序。

进行(xing)下(xia)(xia)道工(gong)序(xu)或(huo)相邻工(gong)程施工(gong)时(shi)，应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)对(dui)已完成工(gong)序(xu)的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜进行(xing)妥(tuo)善保(bao)护。在(zai)(zai)铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)开(kai)始后，严禁在(zai)(zai)可能危害土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜安全的(de)范围内进行(xing)放炮、开(kai)挖、凿洞、电(dian)焊(han)、燃(ran)烧(shao)、排水、运输等(deng)交叉作业。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜下(xia)(xia)支持(chi)层为回(hui)填土(tu)(tu)(tu)石，应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)前按设(she)(she)(she)计要求(qiu)进行(xing)碾压(ya)(ya)密实，表面(mian)(mian)无大(da)粒径颗(ke)粒集(ji)中。基(ji)础(chu)表面(mian)(mian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)整光滑，基(ji)底(di)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)密实均匀。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜摊铺(pu)前应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)清除夹杂在(zai)(zai)织物(wu)中的(de)断针头等(deng)尖锐物(wu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)施工(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)符(fu)合以下(xia)(xia)要求(qiu):铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)时(shi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)顺、松弛适(shi)度(du)，与下(xia)(xia)支持(chi)层贴实，不(bu)宜(yi)褶皱、悬空，有损(sun)坏处(chu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)修补(bu)(bu)或(huo)更换。应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)随铺(pu)随压(ya)(ya)，在(zai)(zai)膜的(de)边(bian)角(jiao)处(chu)每隔２~５ｍ放１个２０~３０ｋｇ的(de)砂袋压(ya)(ya)重(zhong)。坡(po)面(mian)(mian)铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)时(shi)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜在(zai)(zai)坡(po)顶(ding)和坡(po)底(di)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)予固定，临(lin)时(shi)压(ya)(ya)重(zhong)物(wu)不(bu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)坡(po)面(mian)(mian)上滚动下(xia)(xia)滑。铺(pu)设(she)(she)(she)时(shi)，应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)根据当地(di)气(qi)温变(bian)化(hua)幅度(du)和产(chan)品说明书(shu)要求(qiu)留足够余(yu)幅，便于拼接和适(shi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)气(qi)温变(bian)化(hua)。应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)边(bian)铺(pu)边(bian)检查(cha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜外观质量(liang)，标识、记(ji)录(lu)并修补(bu)(bu)检查(cha)出(chu)的(de)轻微缺陷。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)膜连接方式采(cai)用焊(han)接，焊(han)接形式宜(yi)采(cai)用缝宽(kuan)２×１０ｍｍ的(de)双(shuang)焊(han)缝搭接，跨沟槽、转(zhuan)角(jiao)等(deng)特殊部(bu)位及修补(bu)(bu)可采(cai)用单焊(han)缝焊(han)接。采(cai)用自动调(diao)温、调(diao)速(su)的(de)焊(han)机。

焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)过(guo)程中，应(ying)针对(dui)环(huan)境(jing)条件(jian)的(de)改(gai)变(bian)及时调整(zheng)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)参数。焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)前，应(ying)在现(xian)场进行(xing)小样(yang)条试焊(han)，初步(bu)确定焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)温度(du)和速(su)度(du)。试焊(han)成品应(ying)在现(xian)场进行(xing)张拉检验，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)缝(feng)(feng)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)强(qiang)度(du)不低于母材强(qiang)度(du)的(de)８５％。焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)前应(ying)将焊(han)缝(feng)(feng)搭接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)面清(qing)洁(jie)干(gan)净，做到无(wu)水、无(wu)尘(chen)、无(wu)垢。焊(han)缝(feng)(feng)部位上、下膜应(ying)熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为一个整(zheng)体，不应(ying)有(you)虚焊(han)、漏焊(han)。焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)缝(feng)(feng)２ｈ内(nei)不得承受任何(he)拉力。土(tu)工膜母材缺陷应(ying)修(xiu)补(bu)，补(bu)疤每边应(ying)超过(guo)破损部位10~２０ｃｍ。针眼、孔洞、碳化部位可(ke)采用(yong)补(bu)丁(ding)修(xiu)补(bu)，虚焊(han)、漏焊(han)可(ke)重新焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。补(bu)丁(ding)修(xiu)补(bu)采用(yong)与主膜同(tong)材质的(de)土(tu)工膜。土(tu)工膜与混凝土(tu)的(de)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)法是在混凝土(tu)结构中沿(yan)连(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)向预埋(mai)与土(tu)工膜相(xiang)同(tong)材料(liao)的(de)基(ji)础埋(mai)件(jian)，通过(guo)热熔焊(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)方(fang)法连(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)土(tu)工膜与土(tu)工合成材料(liao)埋(mai)件(jian)。

土(tu)工膜铺设及连接(jie)施工结束并(bing)验收合格后，应(ying)及时(shi)进(jin)行上保护层施工。上保护层各项(xiang)技术指标应(ying)满(man)足设计(ji)要求。坡面保护层应(ying)自下(xia)而上、分区分块(kuai)(kuai)依序进(jin)行施工。与土(tu)工膜直接(jie)接(jie)触的土(tu)石料不得(de)夹杂任何(he)有损土(tu)工膜的尖(jian)锐物、块(kuai)(kuai)石等。