什么是土工格栅？土工格栅有什么特点？

在(zai)路(lu)床顶部(bu)设置土工格(ge)栅(zha)，可有效限制底层(ceng)填料的(de)横(heng)向扩散，降(jiang)(jiang)低路(lu)基填料的(de)垂(chui)直(zhi)应力和应变，协调(diao)路(lu)基的(de)不均匀沉降(jiang)(jiang)。土工格(ge)栅(zha)可以提高路(lu)面的(de)抗车辙能力，环岛(dao)(dao)交(jiao)通繁重，承包商可以强调(diao)在(zai)环岛(dao)(dao)铺设土工格(ge)栅(zha)的(de)必要性(xing)。

土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅是由聚乙烯(xi)（丙(bing)烯(xi)）烯(xi)、聚氯乙烯(xi)或(huo)(huo)聚酯(zhi)等聚合物(wu)通过热塑(su)性或(huo)(huo)成型(xing)而成的二(er)维(wei)(wei)网格结构或(huo)(huo)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定高(gao)度的三维(wei)(wei)网格格栅。与其他土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成材料相比(bi)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅具有(you)(you)其独特(te)的性能和功效(xiao)，其特(te)殊的制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺增(zeng)强了分子之间(jian)的连接，使(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅具有(you)(you)很高(gao)的抗(kang)拉强度和一(yi)定的延(yan)展性和柔性。如果添(tian)加抗(kang)老化(hua)材料，可以(yi)赋予(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅耐(nai)酸碱(jian)、耐(nai)腐蚀、耐(nai)老化(hua)的优(you)点。这些特(te)性使(shi)得(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅常用(yong)作加筋土(tu)(tu)(tu)结构或(huo)(huo)复合筋。土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅通常分为塑(su)料土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅、钢塑(su)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅、玻璃纤维(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅和玻璃纤维(wei)(wei)聚酯(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)格栅。

塑(su)料土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格栅(zha)(zha)多为方(fang)形或矩(ju)形聚合物(wu)网，根据拉(la)伸(shen)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)分为单向(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格栅(zha)(zha)和双向(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格栅(zha)(zha)。双向(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格栅(zha)(zha)具(ju)有高拉(la)伸(shen)强度，常用(yong)于大面(mian)积永久承载基础。单向(xiang)(xiang)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)格栅(zha)(zha)具(ju)有较高的拉(la)伸(shen)强度和拉(la)伸(shen)模量(liang)，广(guang)泛应用(yong)于各(ge)种土(tu)(tu)壤中。它的耐(nai)低(di)温性也可用(yong)于特殊地质，如少冰冻(dong)土(tu)(tu)、富(fu)冰冻(dong)土(tu)(tu)和高冰含量(liang)冻(dong)土(tu)(tu)。

钢塑(su)土工(gong)格(ge)栅是一种加(jia)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)、聚(ju)丙烯(xi)等添加(jia)剂(ji)的(de)高强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)钢丝或其他纤维挤压而成的(de)表面(mian)粗糙(cao)、有(you)(you)(you)压纹的(de)复合(he)高强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)抗拉条，采(cai)用(yong)特殊强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化粘(zhan)接熔焊技术焊接而成。这种土工(gong)格(ge)栅强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)大，蠕变小，可(ke)用(yong)于高挡(dang)土墙(qiang)。表面(mian)粗糙(cao)的(de)压纹可(ke)以有(you)(you)(you)效改善与土壤的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)。表面(mian)使用(yong)的(de)高密度(du)聚(ju)乙(yi)烯(xi)等聚(ju)合(he)物可(ke)以保护土工(gong)格(ge)栅免受酸碱、盐(yan)溶液、油(you)等有(you)(you)(you)害物质(zhi)的(de)侵(qin)袭，同时抵抗紫外线辐射损(sun)失，增加(jia)耐久(jiu)性(xing)。可(ke)用(yong)于永久(jiu)性(xing)工(gong)程，对土壤具有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)嵌锁和咬合(he)作用(yong)，能很(hen)好(hao)地处理软土地基；与传(chuan)统土工(gong)格(ge)栅相(xiang)比，这种土工(gong)格(ge)栅具有(you)(you)(you)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度(du)更高、承载力更强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、使用(yong)寿命长、施工(gong)方便(bian)等优点(dian)。腐蚀性(xing)环(huan)境差。

玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)栅是由(you)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)制成(cheng)(cheng)的网状结构(gou)材(cai)料，通过特殊的涂层工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺和特殊的改性(xing)沥(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)形成(cheng)(cheng)的新(xin)型土工(gong)(gong)(gong)基材(cai)。玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)栅综合(he)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)具有(you)强度高、蠕变小、模(mo)量(liang)高、热稳定性(xing)强、耐(nai)磨(mo)、耐(nai)寒(han)等(deng)特点，与沥(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)路(lu)面紧密结合(he)。玻(bo)璃(li)(li)纤(xian)维(wei)(wei)土工(gong)(gong)(gong)格(ge)(ge)(ge)栅能有(you)效控制和延缓(huan)沥(li)青(qing)(qing)(qing)道(dao)路(lu)疲劳开(kai)裂、高温车辙(zhe)、低温缩(suo)裂、反射裂缝等(deng)疾病。

玻璃(li)纤(xian)(xian)维聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅可分为(wei)聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤(xian)(xian)维经编(bian)(bian)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅和经编(bian)(bian)聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅。聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤(xian)(xian)维经编(bian)(bian)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅以(yi)高(gao)强(qiang)度聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤(xian)(xian)维为(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)，经编(bian)(bian)聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅以(yi)聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤(xian)(xian)维为(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)，采(cai)用经编(bian)(bian)定向结构，与(yu)高(gao)强(qiang)度纤(xian)(xian)维捆绑交叉点，形成牢(lao)固(gu)的(de)连接(jie)点。这种土(tu)工(gong)格(ge)栅具有较(jiao)强(qiang)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)撕裂性(xing)、较(jiao)高(gao)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)拉(la)强(qiang)度、较(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)延伸(shen)力、较(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)纵横(heng)强(qiang)度差异、耐磨(mo)性(xing)和耐腐蚀性(xing)，能(neng)有效提高(gao)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)剪性(xing)和完整性(xing)。